Incidence, Risk Factors, And Surgical Outcomes of Parastomal Hernia After Stoma Formation: A 1-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background. Parastomal hernia is one of the most common long-term complications following stoma formation and remains a significant challenge in colorectal surgery. Despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, its incidence remains high and negatively affects patients’ quality of life. Objective. To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and surgical outcomes of parastomal hernia in patients undergoing stoma formation during a 12-month follow-up period. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted between 2025 and 2026 at the Department of Coloproctology, Multidisciplinary Clinic of the Center for Professional Development of Medical Workers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. A total of 1,059 patients who underwent colorectal surgical procedures were included in the study. Among them, 196 patients underwent stoma formation. Data regarding surgical approach, type of stoma, prophylactic mesh placement, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. All patients were followed for 12 months. Results. Parastomal hernia developed in 28 of the 196 patients with stoma formation, resulting in an incidence of 14.3%. The overall incidence among all operated patients was 2.6%. Among patients who developed parastomal hernia, 19 (67.9%) had a colostomy and 9 (32.1%) had an ileostomy. A higher incidence was observed among patients undergoing open surgery and among those who did not receive prophylactic mesh reinforcement. Conclusion. Parastomal hernia remains a significant postoperative complication following stoma formation. The type of stoma, surgical technique, and use of prophylactic mesh play important roles in its development. Preventive strategies should be incorporated into routine surgical practice to reduce incidence and improve long-term outcomes.