Current Understanding and Problems of Early Diagnosis of Cardiorenal Syndrome in Military Personnel: A Comprehensive Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/ijmm-05-04-12Keywords:
Cardiorenal syndrome, military medicine, biomarkersAbstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (hereinafter referred to as CRS) is a complex pathophysiological condition involving bidirectional dysfunction of the heart and kidneys, which has serious consequences in terms of the progression of cardiovascular diseases, increased mortality and increased health care costs. In military personnel, the prevalence and impact of cattle is of particular concern due to occupational risk factors, including high levels of chronic psychoemotional stress, irregular physical activity, sleep disorders, and exposure to various extreme conditions. This review examines current concepts of bovine cattle classification, pathophysiological mechanisms, and approaches to its early diagnosis, with a particular focus on its use in military medicine. Recent advances in biomarker research have identified promising early markers, including NT-proBNP, NGAL, KIM-1, and cystatin C, that may make it easier to detect subclinical organ damage before traditional indicators deviate from the norm. Additional factors such as post-traumatic stress disorder, combat participation, and operational stress need to be considered in the strategy for assessing risk in military populations. This review summarizes current data and highlights existing knowledge gaps that require further study, in particular regarding the validation of biomarker panels in military cohorts and the development of population-specific screening algorithms.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Usmanova Dilnoza Ulugbekovna, Muxamedova Muyassar Gafurdjanovna, Alimov Ulugbek Sadikovich (Author)
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