Optimized Perioperative Fluid Therapy for The Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Prospective Clinical Study

Abstract

Background. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain a common complication after general anesthesia, affecting up to 30–70% of patients and significantly impairing postoperative recovery [1,2]. Perioperative hypovolemia has been identified as an important contributing factor due to reduced gastrointestinal perfusion and activation of vagal pathways [3]. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of optimized perioperative fluid therapy in reducing the incidence and severity of PONV. Methods. A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 45 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups: standard therapy (n = 22) and optimized fluid therapy (n = 23). PONV incidence was assessed during the first 24 postoperative hours. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results. The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the optimized group compared to the standard group (17% vs 36%, p < 0.05). The requirement for rescue antiemetic therapy was also reduced. Conclusion. Optimized perioperative fluid therapy significantly reduces PONV incidence and improves postoperative recovery. Adequate hydration should be integrated into multimodal prevention strategies [4,5].